Endocrine Abstracts

Introduction: Medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) is a rare tumour. Mostly sporadic, 25% are associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN2A/B) or isolated familial MTC. Surgery is the only curative option: its response is defined as complete (no evidence of biochemical or structural disease), incomplete (only structural response) and persistence of structural disease. We aimed to analyse the clinical and pathological factors associated with the prognosis of MTC.<p class="a...

Introduction: The interaction between obesity and bone metabolism is complex and not fully understood. Historically, higher body weight was considered to be protective against osteoporosis. This association has affected clinical practice: body mass index (BMI) is one of the variables included in Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX), where a higher BMI leads to a lower fracture risk. Despite this association between bone mineral density (BMD) and body weight, it is not clear wh...

Introduction: Severe hypercalcemia is defined as a total serum calcium level >14 mg/dl or ionized calcium >10 mg/dl . The most common causes are primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) and neoplasms (90% of cases). Vitamin D intoxication is an extremely rare cause. Case Report: A 56-year-old man presented to the emergency department with vomiting, generalized weakness and complaints of imbalance over one week. Upon physical examination, he displayed c...

Introduction: Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) arises from thyroid parafollicular C cells and accounts for <5% of thyroid cancers. Nearly 25% occur in the context of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 syndrome (MEN2) or familial isolated MTC.Objectives: Evaluation of clinical characteristics and evolution of patients with MTC.Methods: Retrospective analysis of clinical records of patients with MTC diagnosed from 2001 to 2023....

Introduction: McCune-Albright syndrome (MAS) consists of at least two of the following three conditions: polyostotic fibrous dysplasia (PFD), café-au-lait skin pigmentation and autonomous endocrine hyperfunction. The most common form of autonomous endocrine hyperfunction is precocious puberty, but other syndromes may be present, including acromegaly, hyperthyroidism, and Cushing syndrome. Acromegaly is seen in approximately 20% of patients with MAS. Treatment opt...

Introduction: The American Diabetes Association proposed two subcategories for type 1 diabetes: autoimmune type 1 diabetes (ADM) and idiopathic type 1 diabetes (IDM). The absence of β-cell autoimmune markers and lack of association with HLA haplotypes define the second category, whose pathogenesis remains unclear. Only a minority of patients with type 1 diabetes fall into this subcategory which is considered by several authors similar to type 2 diabetes.<p class="abst...

Introduction: The American Diabetes Association proposed two categories for the classification of type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM): autoimmune (AI) and idiopathic (ID). The absence of autoimmune markers or association with HLA haplotypes defines the second category. Only a small minority of patients with type 1 diabetes fall into this category.Objective: To evaluate the clinical characteristics of both categories and to analyze the differe...

Introduction: Cushing Syndrome have long been recognised to predispose patients to infection diseases, a consequence of the immunosuppression induced by corticosteroids. There is a predisposition to viral, bacterial, parasitic and especially fungal diseases. Opportunistic infections, particularly invasive fungal infections, represent a serious complication associated with an increased risk of mortality.Clinical case: We represent a 55 years-old woman, po...

Background: The diagnosis of Cushing’s syndrome (CS) remains a challenge in clinical endocrinology. Several screening tests have been proposed to establish hypercortisolism. Late-night salivary cortisol (LNSC) is used as screening tool, however, individualized cut-off levels for each population must be defined.Methods: Three group of subjects were studied: healthy volunteers, suspected CS and proven CS. All patients collected saliva at 23.00 h using...

Introduction: Insulinomas are the most frequent cause of endogenous hypoglycaemia. 90 to 95% of these are benign. Surgical enucleation or resection is the standard treatment. Medical therapy focuses mainly on the use of diazoxide with few alternatives in patients with high surgical risk.Case-report: Female patient, 89 years-old, non-diabetic, with previous history of acute myocardial infarction, stroke with motor sequelae, pacemaker carrier and severe ao...